C-NPT: Surgical Emergencies

A 2-week-old infant presents with lethargy, abdominal tenderness, and bilious vomiting. No masses are observed or palpated on examination. What do you suspect?

A neonate is reported to have transposition of the great vessels.  It is essential to the survival of the neonate to maintain:

A neonate with choanal atresia would most likely have difficulty with all of the following EXCEPT:

A patient that is PDA dependent would likely require the administration of which of the following drugs?

An 8-month-old infant has a 3-day history of vomiting and mucous, jelly-like stool. The infant demonstrates intermittent intense distress. On exam, there is a sausage-shaped mass noted in the right upper quadrant. What is your initial differential diagnosis?

An 8-month-old infant presents with a history of projectile vomiting. On exam, you note sunken fontanels, dry mucosa, and poor skin turgor. There is an olive-shaped mass palpated in the right upper quadrant and ripples of contractions across the abdomen are noted. Your initial differential diagnosis is?

The most common congenital heart defect in neonates is which of the following?

The primary physiologic stimulus that causes closure of the PDA is?

The team is called to a 1.2 kg neonate that was delivered at 28-weeks gestation. The neonate presents with lethargy, abdominal distention, positive guaiac test, and free air in the small and large bowel on x-ray. Labs show leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and metabolic acidosis. What is your initial differential diagnosis?

The team is called to transfer a 5-month-old infant with Tetralogy of Fallot with DiGeorge syndrome. Enroute, the patient begins to have seizures which are most likely secondary to what?

The team is transporting a 5-day-old neonate.  On arrival, the report states that the baby is suffering from Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). What is the long-term treatment to correct this heart defect?

The transport team is assisting in the resuscitation of a 32-week-old neonate. Maternal history includes polyhydramnios. After an attempt at feeding, the neonate is distressed, choking, with drooling noted and secondary cyanosis. You attempt to clear the airway and place a nasogastric (NG) tube.  However, the NG tube cannot be passed. What is the suspected diagnosis?

The team is resuscitating a 2-day-old, 34 weeks post-conceptual age neonate that has abdominal swelling, vomiting, and has not passed meconium via a bowel movement. The neonate’s abdominal x-ray is below. What is the suspected diagnosis?

What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect in the neonate population?

While resuscitating a neonate with an omphalocele, there is a noted increased respiratory rate, mottled skin, and a weak cry. What is the likely cause of this deterioration?